US-CN Companies & Securities Law Assignment

Comparative Information Corresponding Figures and Comparative Financial Statements 比较信息 Definitions 定义 Comparative information – The amounts and disclosures included in the financial statements in respect of one or more prior periods in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework. 比较信息是指包含于财务报表中的、符合适用的财务报告编制基础的、与一个或多个以前期间相关的金额和披露。比较信息包括对应数据和比较财务报表 Corresponding figures – Comparative information where amounts and other disclosures for the prior period are included as an integral part of the current period financial statements, and are intended to be read only in relation to the amounts and other disclosures relating to the current period (referred to as “current period figures”). The level of detail presented in the corresponding amounts and disclosures is dictated primarily by its relevance to the current period figures. 对应数据属于比较信息，是指作为 本期 财务报表组成部分的 上期金额和相关披露 ，这些金额和披露 只能与本期相关的金额和披露 （称为“本期数据”） 联系起来阅读 。对应数据列报的详细程度主要取决于其与本期数据...

  Emphasis of Matter Paragraphs and Other Matter Paragraphs in the Independent Auditor's Report 在审计报告中增加强调事项段和其他事项段 Emphasis of Matter paragraph – A paragraph included in the auditor’s report that refers to a matter appropriately presented or disclosed in the financial statements that, in the auditor’s judgment, is of such importance that it is fundamental to users’ understanding of the financial statements. 强调事项段，是指审计报告 中含有的 一个段落，该段落 提及 已在财务报表中恰当列报或披露的事项，且根据注册会计师的职业判断，该事项对财务报表使用者理解财务报表 至关重要 。 the auditor shall include an Emphasis of Matter paragraph in the auditor’s report provided:  (a) The auditor would not be required to modify the opinion in accordance with ISA 705 (Revised)4 as a result of the matter; and (b) When ISA 701 applies, the matter has not been determined to be a key audit matter to be communicated in the auditor’s report. 在 同时满足 下列条件时，注册会计师应当在审计报告中增加强调事项段： （ 1）按照《中国注册会计师审计准则第 1502号—在审计报告中发表非无保留意见》的规定，该事项 不会导致 注册会计师发表非无保留意见； （ 2）当《中国注册会计师审计准则第 1504号—在审计报告中沟通关键审...

  Modifications to the Opinion in the Independent Auditor's Report 非无保留意见审计报告 The auditor shall modify the opinion in the auditor’s report when: (a) The auditor concludes that, based on the audit evidence obtained, the financial statements as a whole are not free from material misstatement; or  (b) The auditor is unable to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence to conclude that the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement. 当存在 下列情形之一 时， 注册会计师应当在审计报告中发表非无保留意见： （ 1）根据获取的审计证据， 得出 财务报表整体 存在 重大错报的结论（保留意见或否定意见）。 （ 2） 无法 获取充分、适当的审计证据， 不能 得出财务报表整体 不存在 重大错报的结论（保留意见或无法表示意见）。 A material misstatement of the financial statements may arise in relation to: (a) The appropriateness of the selected accounting policies; (b) The application of the selected accounting policies; or (c) The appropriateness or adequacy of disclosures in the financial statements. Appropriateness of the Selected Accounting Policies 会计政策的...

  Audits of Group Financial Statements 集团财务报表审计 Group – All the components whose financial information is included in the group financial statements. A group always has more than one component. 集团指由所有组成部分构成的整体，并且所有组成部分的财务信息包括在集团财务报表中 Group financial statements – Financial statements that include the financial information of more than one component. The term “group financial statements” also refers to combined financial statements aggregating the financial information prepared by components that have no parent but are under common control. 集团财务报表指包括一个以上组成部分财务信息的财务报表，也指没有母公司但处在同一控制下的各组成部分编制的财务信息所汇总生成的财务报表 Group engagement partner – The partner or other person in the firm who is responsible for the group audit engagement and its performance, and for the auditor's report on the group financial statements that is issued on behalf of the firm. 集团项目合伙人指会计师事务所中负责某项集团审计业务及其执行，并代表会计师事务所在对集团财务报表出具的审计报告上签字的合伙人 Group engagement team – Partne...

  Consideration of Laws and Regulations in an Audit of Financial Statements 财务报表审计中对法律法规的考虑 Non-compliance: Acts of omission or commission, intentional or unintentional, committed by the entity, or by those charged with governance, by management or by other individuals working for or under the direction of the entity, which are contrary to the prevailing laws or regulations. Non-compliance does not include personal misconduct unrelated to the business activities of the entity. 违反法律法规是指被审计单位、治理层、管理层或者为被审计单位工作或受其指导的其他人，有意或无意违背除适用的财务报告编制基础以外的现行法律法规的行为，违反法律法规不包括与被审计单位经营活动无关的个人不当行为。 In the context of laws and regulations, the potential effects of inherent limitations on the auditor's ability to detect material misstatements are greater for such reasons as the following: There are many laws and regulations, relating principally to the operating aspects of an entity, that typically do not affect the financial statements an...

  Identifying and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement through Understanding the Entity and Its Environment

  Subsequent Events 期后事项 This is differences between International Standards on Auditing (ISA) and PRC Auditing Standards (中国审计准则) with regard to subsequent events Definitions Subsequent events – Events occurring between the date of the financial statements and the date of the auditor's report, and facts that become known to the auditor after the date of the auditor's report. 期后事项是指财务报表日至审计报告日之间发生的事项 ，以及注册会计师在审计报告日后知悉的事实。 Events Occurring between the Date of the Financial Statements and the Date of the Auditor's Report 主动识别第一时段期后事项 The auditor shall perform audit procedures designed to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence that all events occurring between the date of the financial statements and the date of the auditor's report that require adjustment of, or disclosure in, the financial statements have been identified. The auditor is not, however, expected to perform additional audit procedures on matters to which previously applied audit procedures have provide...

  Written Representations 书面声明 Definitions Written representation – A written statement by management provided to the auditor to confirm certain matters or to support other audit evidence. Written representations in this context do not include financial statements, the assertions therein, or supporting books and records. 书面声明指管理层向注册会计师提供的书面陈述，用以确认某些事项或支持其他审计证据。书面声明不包括财务报表及其认定，以及支持性账簿和相关记录 Written Representations about Management's Responsibilities 针对管理层责任的书面声明 Preparation of the Financial Statements 针对财务报表的编制的书面声明 The auditor shall request management to provide a written representation that it has fulfilled its responsibility for the preparation of the financial statements in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework, including, where relevant, their fair presentation, as set out in the terms of the audit engagement. 针对财务报表的编制，注册会计师应当要求管理层提供书面声明，确认其根据审计业务约定条款 ，履行了按照适用的财务报告编制基础编制财务报表并使其实现公允反映（如适用）的责任 Information Provided and Completeness of Transactions 针对提供的信息和交易...

SEC IPO Rules of Securities Exchange Act of 1934 There are some important sections of Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which often be cited in opinions and orders of securities fraud cases. Section 10(b) Section 10(b) of Securities Exchange Act of 1934 provides that “It shall be unlawful … (a) To effect a short sale … of any security … in contravention of such rules and regulations as the commission may prescribe … (b) To use or employ, in connection with the purchase or sale of any security … any manipulative or deceptive device or contrivance in contravention of such rules and regulations as the commission may prescribe.” Section 14 Section 14(a) of Securities Exchange Act of 1934 provides that “It shall be unlawful for any person, by use of the mails … or otherwise … to solicit or permit the use of his name to solicit any proxy or consent or authorization in respect of any security (other than an exempted security) registered pursuant to Section 12 of this title.” Section 2...

如何读懂10-K报告 如果您想跟隨或投資美國上市公司，您可以在該公司的 10-K 格式的年度報告中找到充足的資訊。除此之外， 10-K 報告還提供了公司業務的詳細情況，面臨的風險以及本財務年度的經營和財務業績。公司管理層還會討論其對業務成果的看法以及推動企業業績的因素。 大多數美國上市公司每年需要編制 10-K 報告，並向美國證券交易委員會（ SEC ）提交。 （非美國上市公司通常會以不同的格式向 SEC 提交年度報告。） SEC 規則要求 10-K 報告遵循一系列主題。 SEC 規則還要求公司在年度會議上選舉董事會成員時向股東傳遞年度報告。 10-K 報告和向股東提交年度報告的要求有很多重疊，但也有重大差異。 10-K 報告通常包括比向股東提交的年度報告更詳細的資訊。與 10-K 不同的是，向股東提交的年度報告有時表現為豐富多彩，光滑的出版物。然而，一些公司只是把他們的 10-K 報告作為年度報告發給股東。在這些情況下，向 SEC 提交的 10-K 報告和向股東提交的年度報告是同一份文件。 上市公司與 SEC 的角色 公司編制 10-K 並提交給 SEC 。法律法規禁止公司在 10-K 做出重大虛假或誤導性陳述。同樣，公司被禁止忽略使披露不具有誤導性所需的重要資訊。此外，“薩班斯法案”要求公司的首席財務官和首席執行官證明 10-K 的準確性。 SEC 既不編制 10-K 也不為 10-k 提供擔保。 SEC 確定了披露要求 - 所有公司必須披露在 10-K 的主題以及資訊應如何呈現。 美國證監會的工作人員審查 10-K 以監控和提高公司是否符合要求。 SEC 及其員工還提供有關披露要求的解釋性建議。 SEC 工作人員審查 10-K ，並可能在公司披露與披露要求不一致或解釋性和明確性不足向公司提供意見。“薩班斯法案”要求美國證券交易委員會每三年至少審查一次上市公司的財務報表。 SEC 的工作人員可能會更頻繁地審查某些公司的 10-K 。 向 SEC 提交的所有 10-k 報告都可以在 SEC 網站的 EDGAR 資料庫查找到。大多數公司也將自己的 10-K 發佈在自己的網站上。 10- k 年度報告中的條款 第一部分 條款 1 ，“業務”需要描述公...